![]() ![]() Some of the later work was done in collaboration with a Peking University (Beijing, China) graduate student He Sheng (not funded by this grant). Waltz (GA-GSEP PI) in collaboration with UCSD Research Scientist E. The following documents and briefly summarizes the published GA-GSEP contributions to the success of this 9-year project. The gyrokinetic codes GYRO, GTC (and GEM) where to be verified and cross-compared with simpler gyro-fluid (TAEFL) and kinetic EP perturbed MHD codes (NOVA-K) to project ITER performance, as well as validated against DIII-D experiments on AE driven NBI confinement losses. ![]() Most importantly the nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations were to treat the EP driven low-n AE modes embedded in the high-n microturbulence to actually quantify the EP transport loss of confinement. The main purpose and goal of the GSEP project was to apply GA’s GYRO and UCI’s GTC gyrokinetic codes to delineate the linear stability boundaries of the EP driven AE modes in the most physically accurate way going beyond the kinetic EP perturbed MHD codes of the 90’s. Even without significant heating loss, low levels of high energy escaping alphas can damage and erode the tokamak wall. However is has been known since the early 90’ that NBI and particularly fusion alphas EPs can drive low-n MHD-like low-n electromagnetic Alfven Eigenmodes (AEs) unstable with the possibility significant loss of plasma heating. Electrostatic microturbulence has a small but not negligible impart on EP confinement loss. The thermal hydrogen plasma suffer energy confinement loses from high-n micro-turbulent driven transport. Internally generated fusion alpha particles in burning plasmas like ITER must be nearly all more » confined to heat the plasma to fusion conditions without much exterior heating. Exterior Neutral Beam Injected (NBI) EPs are a primary source of plasma heating in current tokamaks like DIII-D. ![]() Understanding and predicting the confinement of energetic particles (EPs) in fusion plasma is an important research area vital to the successful operation of fusion reactors. This Technical Report covers only the GA work. The SciDAC-3 project Gyrokinetic Simulation of Energetic Particles (GSEP) was started in 2008 as cooperative agreement research with General Atomic (GA), University of California at Irvine (UCI lead institution), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and others. Five key publications closely related to this project are highlighted in this = , A complete list of 49 publications and 23 invited talks partially supported by this grant since 7/2015 appears at the end of this report. During this project, the PI has supervised 6 postdoctoral researchers and 4 PhD students at the University of California, Irvine. The computational capability developed and physics learned in this project are in support of fusion SciDAC Center for Integrated Simulation of Energetic Particles in Burning Plasmas (ISEP). Effects magnetic islands on neoclassical bootstrap current have also been studied. As part of V&V efforts for 3D capability, the 3D capabilities of GTC have been applied to study thermal transport in stellarators and tokamak with 3D magnetic fields by microturbulence, which could cause additional EP loss. We have applied the new capabilities to simulate the EP transport by the Alfven eigenmodes in stellarators and by 3D magnetic islands in tokamaks. In this project, we have further developed the state-of-the-art fusion simulation code, gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC), for studying the energetic particle (EP) transport in the 3D equilibrium. ![]()
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